【即時頭條】債台高築的何止海航 中國將出現資產被迫甩賣潮
山寨變正宮 全球科技業笑不出來
中國「爆買」全球，先入股美商、吃下新加坡公司，再挖台灣人才。紅色供應鏈不出三個月搶下蘋果單，打破日、韓、台、美的四強局面。
「由國家資本挹注，透過中外企業合作，外企以技術換市場，提升中國企業的製造力，」
黑心油事件消費者都還沒抗議，王品竟然要先抗議？
覺得委屈？黑心油延遲通報遭抵制 王品竟揪員工上街抗議│三立新聞網 SETN.COM
民眾還沒抗議，王品竟然要先抗議！王品旗下餐廳使用黑心油，董事長戴勝益神隱13天才現身宣布退費方案，限制一堆被消費者罵翻，又慢慢分批通報，...
SETN.COM
粵之瓊州，孤懸海外，與臺灣同。珠崖置郡始于兩漢；其來久矣。而（冊無而字）深山之中至今猶為（冊作有）生黎所據，不入版圖，猶臺灣之有生番也。自明以 來，言瓊事（言瓊事冊作善言兵）者往往議開十字道，橫直穿黎心；使北由瓊州，南達崖州，東由萬州，西達儋州，均無阻隔（冊作隔阻）；置兵其間，謂可居中以 制外。光緒十三年粵督張香濤制軍用其策，果開通矣；而山中煙瘴甚厲，兵不能久駐，未幾而仍廢塞。亦猶臺灣所開以通後山之六道皆不能常通〔也〕。可見島嶼之 鄉，利用舟楫，由海道自外而入易為力，由陸道自內而出難為功；不獨臺灣然也。
夫臺灣後山有成廣澳，有大港口，猶前山之有鹿耳門也；有火燒嶼，猶前山之有澎湖也。如倣行鄭氏之法，據海口而不深入，文埠市（冊作市埠）以廣招徠，造輪船 一艘（冊無此四字）、帆船十艘，置兵五百人足矣。杜外夷之窺伺，免內番之牽制，伸縮均得以自如矣。往者不可諫，來者猶可追也。謹附末議，以待擇採（冊作採 擇）焉。
甩賣
甩卖，商业用语，形容商品以低廉的价格售出，常常作为商家的活动标语。是一种促销手段。..
正宮
 | 俗稱皇后為正宮娘娘，別於東宮西宮而言。《三國演義．第六六回》：「臣女已與陛下為貴人，大賢大孝，宜居正宮。」 |
抵制
抵拒牽制。文明小史˙第三十一回：「人家商戰勝我們，在他手裡過日子，要是不想個法兒抵制抵制，將來民窮財盡，還有興旺的時候嗎？」
山寨  | 山林中築設防守工事的山莊。元史˙卷十˙世祖本紀七：「發蒙古、漢軍都元帥張弘範攻漳州，得山寨百五十、戶百萬一。」 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 | 綠林好漢在山中的營寨。水滸傳˙第二回：「如今近日上面添了一夥強人，扎下個山寨在上面，聚集著五七百個小嘍囉。」初刻拍案驚奇˙卷八：「只因山寨中多事不便，日前曾分付孩兒們，凡遇蘇州客商，不可輕殺。」 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ｎ ｓｕ
ｏ ｌ
ｉ
ｕ ｌ
ｉ
中
國中央電視台春節晚會的特點通常是﹐會有成龍(Jackie Chan)和章子怡等明星大腕參加﹐有數百名身著艷麗服裝的舞蹈演員﹐主要領導人的特寫鏡頭也不時閃過。每年的春節晚會都是中國收視率最高的節目之一。
Associated Press
被扮成大熊貓的松獅狗
施 孟奇計劃中的“山寨版”春晚將避開名人、盛大的場面、還有專業人士。晚會只在網上直播﹐與央視的春晚在同天晚上播出。晚會將用便攜攝像機或其它方便的方式 記錄普通人﹐演員包括業餘歌手﹐模仿“千手觀音”的“千手羅漢”﹐還有用手蹬自行車的一個男人。施孟奇說﹐真正的山寨精神應該是──你行﹐我也行。
163.com
村民們搭建的山寨版“鳥巢”。
最近﹐山寨的定義不斷擴大。在中國的互聯網上﹐博客、社區和新聞網站登出了汽車在鐵軌上行駛的“山寨版火車”、修剪和染成國寶模樣的“山寨版大熊貓”﹐以及用木棍搭建的“山寨版鳥巢”的模型。
南京的一家房地產開發商給一條街的店面分別冠以“哈根波斯”、“必勝糊”、“巴克星”、“KFG”等標志﹐希望招徠生意﹐引起轟動效應。這條“山寨一條街”上的圖片迅速在網上傳播開來。
山寨一詞以前帶有廉價或劣質的含義﹐現在卻在某種程度上成為中國人聰明和創造力的體現。北京媒體評論家韓浩月將其視為自我表達的一種方式。他說﹐山寨文化來源於草根﹐也面向草根。它給人們帶來了另一種選擇﹐和抵制主流文化價值的可能性。
rednet.cn
山寨大街上的“山寨麥當勞”(McDnoald's)。
國 有媒體﹐尤其是中央電視台引出了很多山寨作品。上個月﹐在中國南方的深圳市﹐4位年輕女孩組成了一個“山寨電視台”的報導組﹐惡搞本地新聞﹐照相機的三腳 架由電風扇底座和疏通廁所的皮碗做成。北京一位男網友在多次被中央電視台《百家講壇》節目拒之門外後﹐他製作了自己的“山寨版百家講壇”在網上播出。他在 這長達6小時的視頻中講述了宋朝的一些英雄人物。
iorgane.com
“刻意拼錯的“iOrgane”是山寨版的iPhone。
施孟奇的“山寨春晚”打出的製作單位是自封的CCSTV（中國山寨電視台）。不過他回避要取代央視春晚的說法。他說﹐央視做他們的精美春晚﹐我們做自己的草根春晚。誰也不能做到人人滿意。
icxo.com
四名年輕女士組成了一家山寨電視臺的報導隊伍。
施孟奇是四川人﹐父母都是農民。豐富的想像力幫他彌補了自己的缺憾。他說﹐小時候﹐我特別想開汽車。但是當時連在路上看到汽車都很少﹐更不用說是開汽車了。所以我會用毯子搭一輛汽車﹐在床上開。好玩極了﹗
性格熱情的施孟奇梳著平頭﹐身穿襯衫和毛衣﹐這幅打扮更像是個辦公室白領﹐而不是四處打游擊的電影製作人。他曾就職IT行業﹐現在是婚禮策劃人。他說﹐山寨春晚是受新工作的啟發﹐婚禮策劃讓他接觸到了歌手、舞蹈演員﹐還必須學會使用照相機。
youku.com
胡戈發布了山寨版的中央電視臺新聞報道。
一種敢想敢幹的精神氣彌漫在“中國山寨電視台”總部﹐這裡擠滿了志愿者﹐施孟奇租用的辦公室已經不夠用。施孟奇的老友、自由網頁設計者周燕成了他的宣傳專家。他們的一個看門老人也應招擔任攝影。
山寨春晚的互聯網合作夥伴、中國互聯網巨頭騰訊(Tencent)前不久表達﹐它擔心山寨春晚可能會變得過於複雜﹐反而對自身不利。騰訊新聞版面負責人董獻慧說﹐我們發現有越來越多的東西被加到這台山寨春晚中﹐我們覺得他們可能會偏離初衷──為草根辦的草根晚會。
nddaily.com
草草改裝的汽車在鐵軌上成為山寨版火車。
不 過這並不是說表演者們不希望藉此一夜成名。週長春說﹐他已經努力多年要把自己“自行車王”的絕活搬上央視春晚。這個名號是他自封的﹐他能穿著五顏六色的“ 超級英雄式”行頭在自行車上耍雜技。週長春一心投入到施孟奇的春晚中﹐還將“山寨”字樣貼滿了自行車﹐他說自己的車很舊﹐已經破損得不成樣子。
他說﹐央視春晚是一場耗資巨大、精心打造的晚會﹐不過這不一定是我們普通老百姓最想要的東西。
Sky Canaves / Juliet Ye
（更新完成）
中國“山寨手機”因何大行其道？
| DATE | 2008/07/14 |  |
|---|
 |
| 圖1 網上隨處可見的中國桔子手機Hiphone |
 |
| 圖2 中國桔子手機Hiphone |
晶片技術使門檻降低，山寨手機應運而生
過去的手機行業，因為研發難度，進入的門檻很高，條件也相當苛刻。那時中國只有少數幾個品牌手機企業可以自主運作，它們在中國手機行業裏幾乎形成了壟斷。
但這個局面卻被台灣的一家晶片商聯發科所打破，他們開發出的手機晶片技術把過去需要幾十人、耗費一年多的時間才能完成的手機主板、軟體全部集 成到一起，研製出了廉價的MTK手機晶片。聯發科這一產品讓高科技的手機生產行業失去了核心技術，而這個技術的產生更在一瞬間降低了手機行業的入門難度。 自此開始，中國手機相關企業猶如雨後春筍般遍地開花，新名詞“山寨手機”就此流傳開來。
這些山寨手機實際上是現在各種中小企業生產的雜牌手機的統稱，他們被冠以各種各樣陌生的名字，甚至還與知名品牌手機極其相像。山寨手機誕生以 後，很快便以其便宜的價格、時尚的造型、齊備的功能受到了中國消費者的青睞，迅速佔領的中國的手機市場，尤其是面向中低端消費者的鄉鎮手機市場。
成本是山寨手機盛行的謎底
在很多電子商務網站，我們都可以看到“山寨手機”的身影，為何這麼暢銷呢？據業內人士Ken介紹：“山寨手機成本優勢非常明顯，例如：一個充 電器的採購價不足3元，而其他很多配件（除了專用的主板外），也是十分好買的，螢幕十幾元到一百多的都有，隨便挑選。”另外，很多山寨手機廠商都採用聯發 科的MTK方案，過去需要幾個月甚至幾年的時間完成的工作，現在只要一會兒便可以輕鬆搞定，還可以自由添加很多功能，像JAVA、攝影鏡頭等都可以隨便載 入，如此一來，“山寨手機”的更新速度非常迅速，甚至超過了正規品牌的手機。
還有許多小的手機廠商，待別人研發出新手機之後，只需照抄即可，連研發的費用都免了。核心晶片技術是台灣的，而中國國內的山寨手機廠只要做主 板、功能、外觀的設計以及後期的組裝等就可以了，再加上很少或根本就沒有的後期宣傳費用及偷稅漏稅，一些實驗及測試環節也是能省則省，如此這般，山寨手機 的成本怎會不低呢？
2007年10月，中國取消了實施長達9年的“手機牌照”制度，手機製造業的壁壘從此打破，原來不得其門而入的企業終於如願，同時，一些沒有資質的地下手機生產企業也得到了合法的生存空間。
山寨手機重創正規手機廠商
如此的低成本、小投入，使手機拼裝廠商林立，雖然不是地下工廠，可也算不上正規軍。而他們所生產的山寨手機在中國市場大行其道，重創了正規品牌的手機。
手機行業門檻的降低、大量生產商湧入和山寨手機的氾濫，造成手機生產企業良莠不齊。山寨手機的低價格更是以犧牲品質、售後及服務為代價的。也是這種價 格優勢讓山寨手機在市場上大行其道，造成了對國產以及世界品牌手機的衝擊。過去，中國國產手機主要是依靠價格優勢搶佔市場，而山寨手機價格更低，國產品牌 手機可能會被山寨手機擠得沒有生存餘地。如國產手機品牌——夏新、波導、聯想等，因為市場佔有率的減少，產品大量積壓，迫使其不得不變賣資本、出售業務 等。波導出售手機合資公司，收縮戰線，創維在前幾天宣佈以2元的價格甩賣手機業務80%的股權，夏新連續兩年巨虧9億元，在5月份被實施退市風險警示，聯 想也從上市公司中剝離了手機業務。這些昔日知名的中國國產手機品牌都面臨著進退兩難的境地。
結語：中國手機市場：鹿死誰手？
據不完全統計，2007年中國山寨手機產量至少有1.5億部，差不多與市場手機總銷量相當。面對山寨手機的氾濫，有必要採取措施規範混亂的秩 序，現在有關部門已經開始重拳整治山寨手機。而山寨手機的存在也迫使品牌企業儘快看到自己生產管理方面的不足，加速資源整合，以更低的價格和更好的服務來 滿足消費者的需要。
綜觀手機市場，山寨手機因自身優勢而風起雲湧，但這樣的優勢會隨著法律和相關規定的規範而消失。到那時沒有技術服務支援的山寨手機會逐漸走上絕路，但這或許會是一個漫長的過程。（特約記者：賈子昂）
In China, Knockoff Cellphones Are a Hit
Ryan Pyle for The New York Times
A man tested out a fake phone at a mobile phone market in Shenzhen, China. More Photos >
SHENZHEN, China — The phone’s sleek lines and touch-screen keyboard are unmistakably familiar. So is the logo on the back. But a sales clerk at a sprawling electronic goods market in this Chinese coastal city admits what is clear upon closer inspection: this is not the Apple iPhone; this is the Hi-Phone.
“But it’s just as good,” the clerk says.
Nearby, dozens of other vendors are selling counterfeit Nokia, Motorola and Samsung phones — as well as cheap look-alikes that make no bones about being knockoffs.
“Five years ago, there were no counterfeit phones,” says Xiong Ting, a sales manager at Triquint Semiconductor, a maker of mobile phone parts, while visiting Shenzhen. “You needed a design house. You needed software guys. You needed hardware design. But now, a company with five guys can do it. Within 100 miles of here, you can find all your suppliers.”
Technological advances have allowed hundreds of small Chinese companies, some with as few as 10 employees, to churn out what are known here as shanzhai, or black market, cellphones, often for as little as $20 apiece.
And just as Chinese companies are trying to move up the value chain of manufacturing, from producing toys and garments to making computers and electric cars, so too are counterfeiters. After years of making fake luxury bags and cheap DVDs, they are capturing market share from the world’s biggest mobile phone makers.
Although shanzhai phones have only been around a few years, they already account for more than 20 percent of sales in China, which is the world’s biggest mobile phone market, according to the research firm Gartner.
They are also being illegally exported to Russia, India, the Middle East, Europe, even the United States. “The shanzhai phone market is expanding crazily,” says Wang Jiping, a senior analyst at IDC, which tracks technology trends. “They copy Apple, Nokia, whatever they like, and they respond to the market swiftly.”
Alarmed by the rapid growth of counterfeits and no-name knockoffs, global brands are pressing the Chinese government to crack down on their proliferation, and are warning consumers about potential health hazards, like cheap batteries that can explode.
Nokia, the world’s biggest cellphone maker, says it is working with Beijing to fight counterfeiting. Motorola says much the same. Apple Inc. declined to comment.
Even Chinese mobile phone producers are losing market share to underground companies, which have a built-in cost advantage because they evade taxes, regulatory fees and safety checks.
“We’re being severely hurt by shanzhai phones,” says Chen Zhao, a sales director at Konka, a Chinese cellphone maker. “Legal cellphone makers should pay 17 percent of their revenue as value-added tax, but shanzhai makers, of course, won’t pay it.”
So far, however, China has done little to stop the proliferation of fake mobile phones, which are even advertised on late-night television infomercials with pitches like “one-fifth the price, but the same function and look,” or patriotic appeals like “Buy shanzhai to show your love of our country.”
Last month, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology did warn consumers about the hazards of shanzhai phones, saying “their radiation usually exceeds the limit.” China’s consumer protection agency says faulty mobile phones were the No. 1 consumer complaint last year.
A few weeks ago, a 45-year-old man in south China was severely burned after his cellphone exploded in his shirt pocket, according to state-run news media.
But that hasn’t seemed to affect sales of black market phones, which typically sell at retail for $100 to $150. In the spirit of what is called “shanzhai” — which suggests rebels or bandits and which applies to counterfeit products of all kinds — many consumers are willing to take a risk on a cheap item that looks stylish.
“I saw iPhone pictures on the Web; it’s so cool. But it costs over $500 — too expensive,” says Yang Guibin, 30, an office worker from Chongqing. “So I decided to buy a shanzhai iPhone. I bought it in a digital market here; it looked exactly like the iPhone.”
Some experts say they believe the shanzhai phenomena is about being creative, Chinese style.
“Chinese grass-roots companies are actually very innovative,” says Yu Zhou, a professor at Vassar College. “It’s not so much technology as how they form supply chains and how rapidly they react to new trends.”
While the phones may look like famous brands, companies actually add special features like bigger screens, dual-mode SIM cards (which allow two phone numbers) and even a telescopic lens attachment for the phone’s camera.
Since it is the SIM card that makes a phone run in China, as in most places other than the United States, all you have to do is insert a valid SIM card into a shanzhai phone and it works.
All this innovation comes from an industry that only took off in 2005, after Mediatek, a semiconductor design company from Taiwan, helped significantly reduce the cost and complexity of producing a mobile phone.
Using what experts call a turnkey solution, Mediatek developed a circuit board that could inexpensively integrate the functions of multiple chips, offering start-ups a platform to produce a low-cost mobile phone.
The industry got another boost in 2007, when regulators said companies no longer needed a license to manufacture a cellphone.
That set off a scramble by entrepreneurs in this electronics manufacturing center. Counterfeiting and off-brand knockoffs flourished. Tiny companies would buy a Mediatek chip loaded with software, source other components and ask a factory to assemble them.
Marketing strategies were simple: steal. Designs and brand names were copied identically or simply mimicked. (Sumsung for Samsung or Nckia for Nokia.)
Tapping into the supply chains of big brands is easy, producers say. “It’s really common for factories to do a night shift for other companies,” says Zhang Haizhen, who recently ran a shanzhai company here. “No one will refuse an order if it is over 5,000 mobile phones.”
The people who make fake iPhones admit it’s a shady business.
“We are a kind of illegal producer,” says Zhang Feiyang, whose company, Yuanyang, makes an iPhone clone. “In Shenzhen there are many small mills, hidden. Basically, we can make any type of cellphone.”
The competition is already forcing global brands to lower prices, analysts say. And new Chinese brands are emerging, like Meizu, a would-be Apple that has opened stylish stores here.
“Our phone is even better than the iPhone,” says Liu Zeyu, a Meizu salesman in Shenzhen. “Our goal is to create a phone that makes Chinese proud.”
Chen Yang contributed research.
沒有留言:
張貼留言