奴，疠 (癘)，卡奴" "房奴"',墳奴，山寨 'shanzai'

《每日電訊報》說，中國的國歌唱到"起來，不願做的奴隸人們"，但現在，中國的中產階級，成為了新的"奴隸階級"。 中國教育部公布了《中國語言生活狀況報告(2006)》，列出了171條漢語新詞語，包括中產階級們最常用的"房奴"和"墳奴"等，一些人也因為工作關係經常要東奔西走，成為了"奔奔族"。 不過中國政府也沒有完全脫離傳統的政治正確做法，例如"八榮八恥"已經成為了2008年奧運會的口號，但也有人用它來諷刺中國官員貪污。 China's national anthem promises its people "will no longer be slaves". But a list of new slang expressions compiled by its Ministry of Education suggests the country's economic reforms have simply multiplied the ways its people can fall into serfdom. Among the most popular phrases used by the country's growing middle class are an expanding variety of equivalents to the English "wage slave". The most common is "house slave", meaning someone who struggles to pay off the mortgage. But there are also "car slaves" who, unlike lucky government cadres, have to pay all their own petrol, servicing, and road toll fees. More specialised versions are "grave slaves" who have bought expensive funeral plots in advance, and "feast slaves" whose jobs mean their lives are an endless round of banquets, weddings, funerals, and other social events requiring the cash gifts, or "red envelopes" expected on such occasions. Chinese is especially suited to slang and abbreviations, partly to make up for the impossibility of acronyms in a character-based language. Its favourite clichés all take the form of four characters in a row, while talk is often littered with apparently meaningless phrases. Beijing University, or Beijing Daxue in Mandarin, is known to all simply as Bei Da, or North Big. The ministry list, which also includes popular new names such as character versions of "Lucy" and "Jenny", dwells on the influence of English, and points out the contrast to the days of the Cultural Revolution when patriotic names such as "Lianjun", or Unite the Army, "Wei Dong", Protect Mao Zedong, and "Aiguo", Love the Country, were all the rage. One popular new Chinglish phrase is "ding chong jia ting", meaning double income couples with a pet instead of children. Ding is used simply because it sounds like the western acronym Dink - double income no kids. Judging by what the ministry took to be popular slang, however, the country has not moved on entirely from traditional political correctness. It said Olympic slogans had already passed into common usage, as had "ba rong ba chi", or eight honours, eight disgraces. This list of virtues and vices, such as "Honour the Motherland, Do not Dishonour the Motherland", was published to great fanfare by President Hu Jintao last year. But some would say that the latter is now mostly used ironically, as in "What became of the ba rong ba chi?", when some new scandal involving Communist Party officials is revealed. Particularly curious is the ministry's claim that youngsters refer to homosexuals as "duan bei", or Brokebacks, after the Oscar-winning film Brokeback Mountain. Maybe it is just being optimistic. The Chinese government has always been reluctant to discuss the most common slang term for gay men, a usage which has dramatically altered the way party officials talk about each other. That term is "tongzhi", which used to be translated as "comrade". --Chinese still see themselves as slaves By Richard Spencer, in Beijing Last Updated: 3:58am BST 21/08/2007 Chinese slangs find way into Oxford dictionary

2010-09-22 08:40:00

Beijing, Sep 22 (IANS) Popular Chinese colloquial terms and slangs have been included in the latest edition of the Oxford Chinese-English dictionary. Compiled over the past six years by Oxford University Press and its Chinese partner, Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, the dictionary is the largest single volume of its kind and contains 670,000 Chinese words and phrases, the Global Times reported. New words include 'shanzai', which means cheap counterfeits of big-brand bags and electronic products, 'fangnu',房奴 which means those people who suffer from the burden of heavy home mortgages, especially young people in big cities, and 'mengliao', which means hot gossip.   1.　癘　　部首　 　部首外筆畫　13　總筆畫　18  注音一式　ㄌ｜ˋ  漢語拼音　ｌ   注音二式　ｌ  惡瘡。禮記˙月令：「行春令則蝗蟲為敗，水泉咸竭，民多疥癘。」 瘟疫。左傳˙哀公元年：「在國，天有菑癘。」杜預˙注：「癘，疾疫也。」 ● 癘 lì ㄌㄧˋ 　1. 瘟疫：～疫。 　2. 惡瘡。 　3. 殺。 其它字义 ● 癘 lài ㄌㄞˋ 　◎ 古同“癩”，癩病。 領頭字 奴 解形 《說文》：“奴，奴、婢，皆古之疠人也。《周禮》曰：‘其奴，男子入于疠隸，女子入于舂蒿鄄木。’从女，从又。膑钫女，古文奴，从人。”段玉裁注：“又，所以持事也，會意。” 注音 釋義 （一）ｎｕ２《廣韻》乃都切，平模泥。魚部。 （１） 奴隸；古代指因罪沒入官或被掠賣的人。《說文‧女部》：“奴，奴、婢，皆古之疠人也。”《周禮‧秋官‧司厲》：“其奴，男子入于罪隸，女子入于舂高鄄 木。”鄭玄注：“鄭司農云：‘今之為奴婢，古之罪人也。’……奴，從坐而沒入縣官者，男女同名。”《史記‧季布欒布列傳》：“布為人所略賣，為奴於燕。” 《漢書‧食貨志下》：“私鑄作泉布者，與妻子沒入為官奴婢。”後多指男奴。《宋書‧沈慶之傳》：“耕當問奴，織當問婢。”《梁書‧諸夷傳‧東夷》：“在北 獄者，男女相配，生男八歲為奴，生女九歲為婢。” （２）奴僕；僕人。唐杜甫《哀王孫》：“問之不肯道姓名，但道困苦乞為奴。”宋陸游《歲暮感懷》：“富豪役千奴，貧老無寸帛。”陳毅《湖海詩社開徵引》：“不為古人奴，洪歌聊自試。” （３）奴役；役使。唐韓愈《原道》：“入者主之，出者奴之。”清鄒容《革命軍》：“忽焉來一強暴，入其室據其財產，又奴其全家人，則其家人莫不奮力死鬥。”康有為《大同書》：“國法也，因軍法而移焉，以其遵將令而威士卒之法行之於國，則有尊君卑臣而奴民者矣。” （４）男女自稱的謙詞。蔣禮鴻《敦煌變文字義通釋‧釋稱謂》：“奴，第一人稱代詞，和‘我’相同，男女尊卑都可通用。”《王昭君變文》：“異方歌樂，不解奴愁。”宋計有功《唐詩紀事》卷二：“何處是英雄，迎奴歸故宮。”《宋史‧陸秀夫傳》：“楊太妃垂簾，與群臣語猶自稱奴。”清孔尚任《桃花扇‧拒 媒》：“奴是薄福人，不願入朱門。” （５）賤稱。如：守財奴；田舍奴。《集韻‧莫韻》：“奴，賤稱。”《後漢書‧嚴光傳》：“帝笑曰：‘狂奴故態也。’”《世說新語‧假譎》：“女以手披紗扇，撫掌大笑曰：‘我固疑是老奴，果如所卜。’”宋佚名《李師師外傳》：“師師怒曰：‘彼賈奴耳。’” （６）用於動、植物及器物等名詞之後。唐李商隱《陸發荊南始至商洛》：“青辭木奴橘，紫見地仙芝。”唐段成式《酉陽雜俎‧酒食》：“取簡勝粟一石，加粟奴五斗舂之，粟奴能令馨香。”宋陸游《贈签钫苗》：“裹鹽迎得小狸奴，盡護山房萬卷書。” （７）通“駑”。《墨子‧魯問》：“今有固車良馬於此，又有奴馬四隅之輪於此，使之擇焉，子將何乘﹖”孫詒讓閒詁引畢沅云：“駑，古字只作奴。一本作駑。”《馬王堆漢墓帛書‧稱》：“兩虎相爭，奴犬制其余。” （８）水不流動。《水經注‧黹旧蓝元荠伛水》：“盧奴城內西北隅，有水淵而不流，南北一百步，東西百餘步，水色正黑，俗名曰黑水池。或云黑水曰盧，不流曰奴。” （９）姓。《萬姓統譜‧虞韻》：“奴，廬奴之後。廬州府六合縣有奴氏。”

1.　山寨
注音一式　ㄕㄢ　ㄓㄞˋ
漢語拼音　ｓｈ ｎ　ｚｈ ｉ	注音二式　ｓｈ ｎ　ｊ ｉ
相似詞　 盜窟	相反詞
山林中築設防守工事的山莊。元史˙卷十˙世祖本紀七：「發蒙古、漢軍都元帥張弘範攻漳州，得山寨百五十、戶百萬一。」 綠林好漢在山中的營寨。水滸傳˙第二回：「如今近日上面添了一夥強人，扎下個山寨在上面，聚集著五七百個小嘍囉。」初刻拍案驚奇˙卷八：「只因山寨中多事不便，日前曾分付孩兒們，凡遇蘇州客商，不可輕殺。」